Research article

**	Trend of Private-Vehicle-Inspection Service-Center Expansion วนิดา นรเศรษฐ์โศภณ Pages 1 - 10    Download PDF  Article preview Cite Abstract
**	The Sarbanes ? Oxley Act : กฎหมายทางบัญชี สุวรรณ หวังเจริญเดช Pages 11 - 19    Download PDF  Article preview Cite Abstract
**	บทบาทของผู้นำกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงองค์กร ภาวัฒน์ พันธุ์แพ Pages 20 - 32    Download PDF  Article preview Cite Abstract
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Effects of Principal-Agent Relationships on Earnings Manipulation Practices ปพฤกษ์ อุตสาหะวาณิชกิจ Pages 33 - 53    Download PDF  Article preview Cite Abstract Prior research has found that there are relationships between earnings manipulation practices and principal-agent relationships. The purpose of this paper is to identify links between the two dimensions of principal-agent relationships on the one hand and the implementation stage of earnings manipulation practices. The research question is: how do principal-agent relationships influence earnings manipulation practices? This paper proposes that there are strong relationship between compensation practice (the incentive pay method that depend on earnings) and earnings manipulation practices. Contributions and suggestions for future research also discussed.
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Degree of internationalization: Measurement, antecedents, and performance effects: A study of small-and medium-sized firms (SMEs) Somchanok Passakonjaras Pages 54 - 82    Download PDF  Article preview Cite Abstract This research aims to develop a measure of degree of internationalization (DOI) specifically for SMEs, and to study the antecedents and outcomes of internationalization of SMEs. DOI was measured by two sub constructs: structure (composed of foreign ownership structure and export structure of affirm) and process or engagement in international business of a firm (composed of export intensity, international diversification, exporting staff employment, and export promotion level). Top management international attitude was hypothesized to be positively related with DOI. DOI, in turn, was posited to have a positive relationship with a firm?s performance. The study with 61 Thai SMEs found that only export organization structure and export promotion expenses as percentage of total sales were valid measures of DOI. Only attitude toward foreign investment and ownership was found to be positively related with DOI. Finally, degree of performance satisfaction relative to expected performance was negatively related with DOI. In sum, this study has an exploratory nature in developing a DOI measure specifically for SMEs. It is also important to note that top management has a direct and an important role in a firm? s internationalization behavior.
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Auditor Reaction To Client Pressure: Is It Different Under Different Cultures Brozovsky and Pongprot Chatraphorn Pages 83 - 93    Download PDF  Article preview Cite Abstract This study investigates whether cultural differences play a significant role for auditors in resisting pressure from a client?s management in an audit conflict situation. Cultural differences are represented by U.S. and Thai subjects, who are empirically shown to possess different values on every cultural dimension. Low power distance, low uncertainty avoidance, and high individualism characteristics of the U.S. society suggest that U.S. auditors might exhibit higher ethical standards when facing pressure from client management than do their Thai counterparts. Twenty-one U.S. and twenty Thai auditors working for a multinational audit firm participated in the study. The subjects responded to a questionnaire concerning an auditor-client conflict situation over the materiality of certain unrecorded liabilities. In addition, they took the Defining Issue Test and a questionnaire measuring the locus of control. The results show that U.S. auditors are more likely than their Thai counterparts to resist a client?s pressure in an audit conflict situation. Thai paper offers some evidence to multinational public accounting firms that foreign auditors do not make the same ethical decisions as local auditors.