Intrigued by managerial discretion's vital role in Thailand's non-life insurance businesses, this study embarks on a compelling investigation into the interplay between ownership concentration and decision-making autonomy. Collected with the utmost care from diverse sources such as the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), the Office of Insurance Commission (OIC), and the Department of Business Development (DBD), the financial and ownership data form a robust foundation for our analysis, ensuring unwavering data integrity. The study scrutinizes 45 non-life insurance companies operating in Thailand between 2012 and 2016, revealing a captivating insight - the ownership structure is a linchpin in shaping managerial discretion. The findings illuminate an alluring inverted U-shaped relationship between ownership concentration and managerial discretion. When owners focus intensely on their enterprises, the discretion of managers experiences a decline, unveiling the delicate balance governing corporate decisions. However, the narrative takes an intriguing twist as owners exceed the optimal share threshold, triggering a surge in managerial discretion. This study's fascinating results shed light on the potential agency conflicts between owners and policyholders, offering valuable insights into the entrenchment behavior linked to Agency theory. With its fresh perspective on the dynamics between ownership and discretion, this research inspires a reevaluation of corporate governance practices within the non-life insurance sector, piquing the curiosity of industry insiders and researchers alike.

Luxury dinner cruise tourism is continuously expanding, it is a form of river cruising activity that provides personalized services, an exclusive environment, and luxurious service while dining along the view of onshore attractions. This study aims to explore the attributes of the luxury dinner cruise on the Chaophraya river, Bangkok. These attributes are developed based on 5 stages: conceptualization and dimensionality, item generation from literature review, data collection and analyzation methods, item analysis and screening from in-depth interviews, and items generation and selection. The snowball sampling method employed by the luxury dinner cruise entrepreneurs was utilized to gather the primary data. The results show that there are two major attributes of the luxury dinner cruise of onboard and onshore, which consist of eight dimensions as followed: 1) Onboard Attributes: Ambiance, Physical Environment, Service crew, and Personalize service; 2) Onshore Attributes: Learning and Exploration, Visual Surroundings, Safety and Comfort, and Destination Development. This study provides stakeholders with the key points towards maintaining business competitiveness and academics with measurement scales to use for data collection in the future study.

The connection between shareholder structure and earnings manipulation, which is also called earnings management, in the pre- and post-IPO years is examined in this paper, with an emphasis on what is happening with Thai IPO firms. The sample comprises 72 firms that were listed on the Market for Alternative Investment (mai) from 2012 to 2017. The findings reveal a statistically significant negative association between management shareholders and the practice of manipulating real earnings in the pre-IPO year. Nonetheless, during this period, no association between shareholding concentration and earnings manipulation was found. In the post-IPO year, there is no association between shareholder retention and earnings manipulation. These findings contribute to our knowledge of how shareholder structure impacts earnings manipulation practices in IPO firms, emphasizing the role of management shareholders in mitigating opportunistic behavior. The absence of a significant post-IPO relationship may be attributed to the substantial decrease in management’s shareholding, resulting in a consequential loss of control and influence over earnings management. This study offers valuable insights for various stakeholders, including policymakers, investors, and corporate practitioners seeking to comprehend the dynamics of shareholder structure and earnings manipulation activities in Thai IPO firms.